Summary

The HIV epidemic in Canada has disproportionately affected men who have sex with men and racialized women. As such, prevention and treatment efforts have focused on these popula- tions. However, from 2009 to 2011, 2.7% of new HIV diagnoses in Ontario (ON), Canada were in Indigenous people, with one in three being an intravenous drug user. This research study sought to assess the efficacy of HIV/AIDS services and pro- gramming within ON First Nations (FN) communities. The insights and recommendations from this research will enrich the design and implementation of culturally competent HIV/ AIDS services and programming for affected Indigenous people and communities.